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Archives & Digital Libraries

  • Internet Archive - The Internet Archive is a non-profit library offering millions of free books, movies, software, music, websites, and more, with the ultimate goal of providing universal access to knowledge. Home to the Wayback Machine, which archives snapshots of websites over time, the Internet Archive also hosts a vast collection of digitized books, historical films, audio recordings, and live concerts. Users can download materials for offline use or stream them online, enjoying an incredible wealth of resources at their fingertips.full review
  • Project Gutenberg - Project Gutenberg is a highly respected digital library, home to over 60,000 free e-books. Its main focus lies on older works where copyright has expired, making them part of the public domain. Among its vast collection, you can find rare and historical books, giving readers access to literary treasures that might otherwise be difficult to obtain. Many titles are available in multiple languages and formats, further expanding its appeal to users worldwide.
  • Open Library - Open Library's goal is to create a webpage for every book ever published, essentially acting as an open, editable library catalog. It currently boasts an impressive collection of over 2 million fully accessible electronic books, along with nearly 20 million records for books from around the world. Users can easily borrow books through Open Library's integrated lending system, connecting participating libraries and readers. What's more, Open Library encourages community involvement in maintaining and updating its records, adding another layer of collaboration to its mission.
  • Sacred Texts - Sacred Texts is the largest freely available online archive of religious and spiritual literature, covering topics such as mythology, folklore, occult, and esotericism. With sections dedicated to major religions like Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism, as well as pagan belief systems, Gnosticism, and mysticism, Sacred Texts offers an incredibly diverse collection of texts. The site also hosts a dedicated section for alchemical texts, appealing to fans of historical chemistry and philosophical musings. Overall, Sacred Texts serves as a fantastic resource for those interested in comparative religion, spirituality, or the esoteric arts.
  • The Public Domain Review - Specialized in curating and reviewing obscure and forgotten literature, art, and artifacts in the public domain, The Public Domain Review is a true gem for lovers of unusual finds. Hosting essays, blog posts, and multimedia content, this site digs deep into the vaults of history to bring forward lesser-known pieces worthy of attention. Visitors can browse through various categories, such as fiction, non-fiction, art, photography, film, and audio, ensuring there's something interesting for everyone.
  • JSTOR - Best known for its academic articles, JSTOR also leads users to less mainstream research papers and publications. The site provides free access to all journal content published prior to 1924 in the US and 1876 elsewhere, promoting broad use and exposure to historical research. Users can search for specific topics, authors, or keywords, gaining access to an extensive collection of scholarly articles and books from reputable publishers and institutions.
  • Forgotten Books - Forgotten Books is a resource for discovering rare and forgotten books, primarily focusing on historical writings. Its collection consists of over 500,000 titles, spanning various genres, from classic novels and poetry to scientific treatises and historical accounts. Some contents are available for free, while others require payment or subscription. However, Forgotten Books remains an invaluable destination for those searching for hard-to-find literary gems.
  • Google Books - Google Books is a comprehensive service offered by Google, providing a searchable database of digitized books from around the globe. Users can look up specific books, authors, or topics, gaining access to snippet views, preview pages, or full texts depending on availability. Additionally, Google Books offers tools for researchers, such as citation export and word frequency counts, enhancing its usefulness for academic purposes.
  • Google Scholar - Google Scholar is known for its vast collection of academic articles, but it also surfaces less mainstream research papers and publications. Users can perform keyword searches, browse by author, or scan through related works, accessing an extensive network of scholarly content. Often considered a powerful alternative to traditional academic databases, Google Scholar proves especially useful for those conducting interdisciplinary research or seeking lesser-known publications.
  • Digital Bodleian - The Digital Bodleian offers digitized books, manuscripts, and materials from one of the oldest libraries in Europe. Showcasing a wide array of historical treasures, this site provides access to unique documents, such as medieval manuscripts, incunables, and early printed books. Users can explore exhibitions, browse collections, or dive into specific topics, enjoying a glimpse into the rich intellectual history represented by the Bodleian Library's holdings.
  • Library of Congress Digital Collections - The Library of Congress Digital Collections host digitized American historical materials, covering a wide array of subjects and periods in US history. With collections spanning from colonial era documents to twentieth-century photographs, the site offers a wealth of resources for researchers, educators, and history buffs. Users can browse by format, topic, or time period, enjoying free digital access to invaluable primary sources and educational materials.
  • Digital Public Library of America - The Digital Public Library of America contains millions of images, texts, videos, and sounds from across the United States, including free digital access to banned books. Promoting access to diverse cultural heritage materials, this site offers a wide range of resources for education, research, and entertainment. Users can explore collections by theme, format, or contributor, experiencing the richness of America's varied history and culture.

Genealogy

  • WikiTree - WikiTree is a genuinely collaborative platform for genealogical research, founded on the principle of sharing and cooperating to construct a single, worldwide family tree. Attracting a passionate community of family historians and genealogists, WikiTree pools their collective knowledge, generating an extensive database filled with profiles managed by tens of thousands of users.full review
  • Smithsonian Transcription Center: The Smithsonian Transcription Center invites volunteers to participate in transcribing historical documents, thereby increasing their accessibility and searchability. Contributing to this crowdsourced initiative empowers participants to engage with precious archival materials and play a vital role in preserving shared heritage. Participants can choose from various ongoing projects, often involving letters, diaries, fieldnotes, and manuscripts authored by notable figures throughout history.
  • By the People (Library of Congress): By the People is a crowdsource platform powered by the Library of Congress, soliciting public participation in transcribing, reviewing, and tagging digitized pages derived from the Library's vast collections. Engaging with these materials amplifies their discoverability, benefiting researchers and casual browsers alike. Volunteers can partake in diverse campaigns, focusing on women's suffrage, Civil War journals, abolitionist writings, and more, fostering connections with significant historical events and personages.
  • Find A Grave: Find A Grave offers a centralized hub for locating and contributing genealogical information pertinent to deceased individuals. Searchable by name, date, and location, this extensive database contains records linked to cemeteries and gravesites spanning the globe. Beyond querying extant records, users can contribute photographs of headstones and create memorials for loved ones, enriching the collective memory and encouraging communal involvement in celebrating familial roots.
  • FamilySearch: FamilySearch, operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, provides a colossal compilation of global records, entirely accessible free of charge. Extensive resources facilitate comprehensive genealogical investigations, incorporating indexed records, digital images, and metadata sourced from around the world. Additional amenities, such as the Family Tree tool, enable users to construct personalized lineages, connect with relatives, and exchange research findings, fortifying a vibrant community committed to exploring shared ancestral ties.
  • USGENWEB: USGENWEB is a non-profit volunteer organization dedicated to supplying complimentary digital access to a genealogical database encompassing the United States. County and state coordinators diligently compile and preserve valuable resources, including transcriptions of original documents, family histories, regional maps, and query boards. Through grassroots collaboration, this extensive network fosters a sense of camaraderie and mutual aid, advancing the pursuit of genealogical knowledge and appreciation for shared cultural heritage.
  • Chronicling America: Chronicling America is a Library of Congress resource delivering historic newspapers dating back to 1836. Exploring these periodicals uncovers fascinating glimpses into the past, revealing untold stories surrounding everyday people and extraordinary occurrences. Supplemented by a robust search functionality, users can filter results according to publication date, newspaper title, and geographic region, thereby narrowing focus onto personally relevant narratives and widening perspectives concerning societal evolution.
  • Access Genealogy: Access Genealogy concentrates on providing specialized resources for genealogical research, addressing areas frequently overlooked by mainstream outlets. Particular strengths lie in Native American and African American genealogy, aiming to fill critical gaps within family histories. Alongside targeted guides and reference materials, users will find extensive databases, directories, and mapping tools, guiding them towards previously obscured facts and relationships connecting generations separated by time and circumstance.
  • National Archives and Records Administration (NARA): NARA's online catalog acts as a gateway to invaluable genealogical records, including military and naturalization files. Datasets housed within span centuries, documenting seminal moments in American history and shedding light on individual destinies shaped by larger sociopolitical currents. Digitized holdings, supplemented by detailed finding aids, allow users to efficiently isolate desired materials and commence tracing the footprints left behind by their ancestors.
  • Ancestry's World Archives Project Collections: Ancestry's World Archives Project Collections represent a collaborative endeavor mobilizing volunteers to transcribe historical documents, resulting in publicly accessible indexes. This undertaking significantly improves the visibility and utility of otherwise hidden gems languishing in dusty archives, bringing them within arm's reach for researchers eager to breathe life into forgotten narratives. Cross-referencing names, dates, and locations against these indices reveals intriguing patterns and associations, sparking curiosity and driving deeper investigation.
  • FamilyTreeNow: FamilyTreeNow consolidates a wide array of genealogical records and data, facilitating user searches for ancestors and kinfolk. Census reports, birth and death registrations, marriage licenses, and divorce decrees constitute some categories enumerated within this comprehensive database. Efficient navigation and presentation of information reduce obstacles commonly encountered during genealogical research, promoting faster breakthroughs and serendipitous discoveries waiting just around the corner.
  • GenealogyBank's SSDI (Social Security Death Index): GenealogyBank's SSDI supplies information on decedents possessing valid social security numbers whose passing has been reported to the Social Security Administration. Demographic particulars, such as full name, birthdate, place of residence, and last known employer, accompany each listing, painting vivid portraits of individuals embedded within broader social tapestries. Tracing these threads reveals intimate connections linking families across temporal divides, reinforcing the continuum of existence and reminding us of our shared mortality.
  • Cyndi's List: Cyndi's List is an extensive, organized directory of hyperlinks pointing towards genealogical research resources scattered throughout cyberspace. Overwhelmed by sheer volume and diversity, aspiring genealogists risk losing direction; Cyndi's List mitigates disorientation by structuring categories and subcategories logically, funneling traffic towards pertinent topics with precision. Meticulous maintenance ensures accuracy and relevance, cementing its reputation as a trustworthy compass navigating treacherous seas of digital information.
  • Genuki: Genuki offers genealogical and historical information centered around the British Isles, namely England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. Rich detail abounds within its hierarchical architecture, cascading from countrywide surveys to granular parish records, county gazetteers, and antiquarian publications. Reliance on primary sources guarantees reliability, fostering confidence among users venturing forth into murky territories of yesteryear.
  • Australian National Archives: The Australian National Archives holds government records integral to family history research, such as military service documents, immigration papers, and citizenship declarations. Streamlined access to these materials reduces barriers confronting overseas descendants keen on excavating transpacific origins. Contextualized within Australia's distinctive historical trajectory, these records reveal much about national identity formation and the dynamics underlying colonial legacies.
  • Archives New Zealand: Archives New Zealand manages an abundance of records, notably relating to probates, immigration, and lands, instrumental in reconstructing narratives severed by spatial distance and temporal decay. Centralized storage and retrieval minimize fragmentation, easing the burden on researchers sifting through fragments strewn across far-flung corners of the earth.
  • Ellis Island Records: Liberty Ellis Foundation hosts Ellis Island Records, chronicling arrivals to New York Harbor between 1892 and 1957 – roughly thirty million passengers and crewmembers combined. Immigration manifests serve as windows into migratory trends, ethnic composition shifts, and sociocultural integration processes characterizing turn-of-the-century America. Detailing travelers' names, ages, ports of origin, final destinations, and occasionally profession, occupation, or relative already settled, these records evoke nostalgia while illustrating the daunting challenges faced by early twenty-first century newcomers.
  • Library and Archives Canada: Library and Archives Canada safeguards and makes accessible an assortment of records fundamental to genealogical research, including censuses, militaria, and immigrant logs. Mandated to collect, preserve, and promote Canadian documentary heritage, it plays a pivotal role in sustaining collective memory and showcasing cultural pluralism defining the nation's fabric.
  • Europeana: Europeana brings together millions of objects drawn from European archives, libraries, and museums, housing historical documents, pictures, films, sounds, and three-dimensional representations bearing witness to the continent's rich historical and artistic legacies. Immerse yourself in this cornucopia of wonders, juxtaposing epochs and mediums, acquiring inspiration and insight along the way.
  • JewishGen: JewishGen is devoted exclusively to Judaic genealogy, maintaining databases, family trees, and educational resources tailored expressly for this purpose. Addressing specific concerns arising from Jewish ancestry research, it bridges knowledge gaps impeding progress, strengthening bonds among scattered tribes united by faith and descent.
  • AfriGeneas: AfriGeneas specializes in African American genealogy, serving as a touchstone for exploring African origins in the Americas. Compiling records, references, and forums, it galvanizes enthusiasm and shares strategies for tackling uniquely challenging circumstances stemming from slavery, segregation, and racial discrimination.
  • FreeBMD: FreeBMD is a charity-run initiative transcribing English and Welsh civil registry indexes extending from 1837 to the present day. Periodic synchronization with official counterparts secures up-to-date coverage, eliminating unnecessary duplication and uncertainty plaguing less reliable sources.
  • Free UK Genealogy: Free UK Genealogy expands horizons further by availing free access to digitized historical records hailing from England and Wales, inclusive of censuses, parish registers, and miscellaneous memorabilia. Advocating openness, collaboration, and voluntarism, it encourages widespread participation, breaking down walls inhibiting access to cherished memories and hard-won truths.
  • Fulton History: Fulton History boasts a vast cache of historical newspapers stretching back centuries, harvested from North American soil. Representing diverse voices and viewpoints, these chronicles capture fleeting moments, crystallizing sentiments, opinions, and beliefs held dear by ordinary folks grappling with extraordinary times.
  • Castle Garden: Castle Garden preceded Ellis Island as New York City's principal reception center for incoming foreigners, admitting eleven million passengers between 1855 and 1892. Documenting their passage marks a crucial juncture in transatlantic migration flows, setting stage for subsequent waves washing ashore upon American shores.
  • DeadFred: DeadFred pools user-contributed vintage photos indexed by surnames, reigniting flickers of remembrance in aging minds and kindling flames of curiosity in younger hearts. Serendipity strikes unexpectedly, drawing lines between strangers sharing genetic makeup, facial features, and sometimes intangible essence binding blood relations across time and space.
  • Historic Map Works: Historic Map Works accumulates centuries-old cartographic renderings, exposing landscapes transformed by urbanization, industrialization, and environmental change. Superimposing layers unlocks secrets buried beneath concrete jungles, shedding light on erstwhile habitats inhabited by forebears etched into DNA sequences.
  • Internet Archive: Internet Archive houses an ocean of texts, books, and documents, floating timeless ideas preserved for posterity. Driftwood salvaged from shipwrecks resurfaces, casting shadows on bygone eras and whispering tales of triumph, tragedy, and transformation.
  • Google Books: Google Books digitizes millions of volumes, breathing new life into fragile pages crumbling under weight of neglect. Texts once confined to moldy shelves emerge anew, ready to share lessons learned and entertain succeeding generations.
  • RootsWatch: RootsWatch marshals resources and coordinates collaborative efforts among genealogists, harmonizing chaotic trails blazed independently by zealous aficionados. Systematically tracking developments averts redundancy, conserves energy, and hastens reunification of fractured family branches.
  • TopoTijdReis: TopoTijdReis offers two centuries worth of Dutch topographic maps, animating shifting borders and morphing settlements. Visualizing alterations breathes life into static images, depicting evolution traced by patient archaeologists piecing together fragments of broken civilizations.

Education

  • Alison: Alison takes pride in being a trailblazer in offering free online courses and certifications across various fields, paving the way for continuous professional development and lifetime learning. Established in 2007, Alison strives to bridge the gap between academia and industry by providing globally recognized, accredited diplomas and certificates to its learners. Users enjoy unrestricted access to a broad assortment of courses curated meticulously by subject matter experts, with flexible learning pathways suited to individual schedules. Boasting an impressive community of over 16 million registered learners, Alison demonstrably catalyzes career advancement whilst inspiring intellectual curiosity.full review
  • Khan Academy: Founded by Salman Khan in 2008, Khan Academy rapidly ascended to prominence owing to its innovative mission to furnish exceptional education gratuitously to anyone, anywhere. Bolstered by a thriving repository of practice exercises, instructive videos, and a bespoke personalized learning dashboard, Khan Academy effectively cultivates self-paced learning experiences that resonate meaningfully with students both inside and outside traditional academic settings. Adaptable, engaging, and inclusive, Khan Academy consistently ranks among the foremost e-learning destinations, garnering praise from educators, parents, and pupils alike.
  • Coursera: Coursera partners with esteemed international universities and corporations to deliver world-class online courses, embodying their core tenet of providing "universal access to the world's best education". Since launching in 2012, Coursera has scaled exponentially, hosting approximately 200 university partners and rendering services in over 190 countries. Offering an exhaustive catalogue comprising thousands of courses, degree programs, certificate tracks, and guided projects, Coursera caters to diverse audiences, regardless of age, location, or professional background. Empowering learners to acquire novel competencies, reskill, upskill, or merely indulge their intellectual curiosities, Coursera stands as a testament to the transformative impact of digital learning modalities.
  • edX: Another heavyweight contender in the MOOC space, edX emerged in 2012 via a joint venture between Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Committed to expanding access to higher education, particularly for traditionally marginalized communities, edX disseminates rigorous, cost-effective learning alternatives devoid of geographic limitations. Collaborating with more than 160 elite global institutions, edX hosts over 3,000 courses traversing 30 distinct disciplines, culminating in accredited credentials and degrees. Coupled with an active learner base surpassing 35 million individuals, edX exemplifies the immense reach and influence afforded by contemporary digital pedagogies.
  • FutureLearn: Headquartered in London, UK, FutureLearn materialized in December 2012 as a subsidiary of The Open University. Presently operating beneath the auspices of SEEK Ltd, FutureLearn maintains strategic partnerships with more than 250 leading universities, cultural bodies, and commercial enterprises dispersed across 40 nations. Delivering a diverse suite of short courses, microcredentials, postgraduate degrees, and continuing professional development programs, FutureLearn prides itself on crafting immersive, socially oriented learning milieus anchored in authentic assessments and actionable feedback loops. Amassing an eclectic alumni body approaching 17 million strong, FutureLearn remains steadfastly dedicated to shaping tomorrow's leaders and innovators.
  • Udemy: Emanating from May 2010, Udemy swiftly established itself as a frontrunner in the adult learning marketplace. Distinguished by its sprawling inventory of courses, Udemy grants learners unfettered access to a veritable treasure trove of knowledge spanning countless niches, genres, and interests. From programming to personal finance, marketing mastery to meditation, Udemy harbours an astonishing wealth of creative capital ripe for consumption by insatiable minds. Proffering both instructor-led and self-paced learning arrangements, coupled with flexible pricing schemes, Udemy represents a compelling option for prospective students seeking convenient, economically viable paths toward upgrading their skillsets and achieving tangible outcomes.
  • MIT OpenCourseWare: Conceptualized in October 2002, MIT OpenCourseWare signalled a watershed moment in educational paradigms by electing to distribute virtually all instructional materials employed within the institution's acclaimed undergraduate and graduate curriculum—absent any charges or enrolment prerequisites. Today, MIT OCW presides over an enviable collection of bona fide courseware, complete with syllabi, lecture notes, examinations, audiovisual recordings, and laboratory experiments. Augmented by ancillary tools and resources engineered to augment student engagement, retention, and achievement, MIT OCW perennially ranks amongst the vanguard of open educational practices, having served over 300 million unique visitors since its inception.
  • Open Yale Courses: Debuting in August 2007, Open Yale Courses endeavoured to expand access to superior educational resources by recording select lectures delivered by distinguished faculty members and subsequently releasing them free of charge. Following suit with MIT OCW, Open Yale Courses adheres to a staunch policy of non-discrimination, welcoming all learners irrespective of geographical location, linguistic background, or socioeconomic status. Currently, Open Yale Courses houses 49 comprehensive courses, incorporating video and audio assets accompanied by corresponding transcripts, reading assignments, and assessment instruments. Strictly speaking, however, Open Yale Courses refrains from conferring official academic credit for successful completion, instead opting to promote informal learning experiences rooted in intellectual wonderment and fascination.
  • Stanford Online: Situated within California's storied Silicon Valley, Stanford University has long been synonymous with technological ingenuity, entrepreneurial spirit, and scholarly excellence. Expounding upon this legacy, Stanford Online embarked on a bold initiative to extend its institutional ethos beyond campus boundaries by engineering an expansive portfolio of online courses, executive education programs, and professional certificates. Spanning business administration, computer science, engineering, medicine, law, and humanities, Stanford Online epitomizes the fusion of modern didactic methodologies with classical wisdom, thus equipping students with requisite skills necessary to navigate our increasingly interconnected world.
  • Harvard Online Learning: Indubitably regarded as one of the planet's premier seats of learning, Harvard University extends its revered academic traditions to distant locales through Harvard Online Learning. Uniting forces with several constituent faculties and schools, Harvard Online Learning presents an eclectic array of free and open learning opportunities, including online courses and modular units designed to enthrall curious minds and stimulate latent talents. Embodying the credo "education for everyone," Harvard Online Learning embodies the quintessential marriage of ancient pedagogy with burgeoning technologies, ultimately yielding fertile grounds for intellectual cross-pollination and germination.
  • Codecademy: Residing squarely at the nexus of coding literacy and employability, Codecademy emerged in August 2011 to demystify programming constructs for aspirants lacking formal computational training. Abetted by gamified learning mechanics, visceral feedback loops, and real-time project implementation, Codecademy instills confidence in nascent coders while simultaneously refining their technical chops. Assimilating an ever-expanding repertoire of twelve distinct programming languages, complemented by auxiliary suites such as HTML, CSS, and jQuery, Codecademy deftly balances recreation with vocation, henceforth charting lucrative trajectories towards prosperous careers in tech.
  • Open Culture: Spearheaded by Dan Coleman, Open Culture manifested in March 2006 as a conduit aggregating high-calibre cultural and educational media intended for mass consumption. Encompassing an astoundingly diverse medley of podcasts, movies, eBooks, audiobooks, and moocs, Open Culture defiantly subverts traditional paywall-laden paradigms by embracing an unequivocal stance against monetary barriers to knowledge acquisition. Ergo, discerning patrons revel in unfettered access to a cavalcade of intellectual riches spanning art, literature, history, mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology, religion, music, and cinema. Hailed as an indispensable bastion of erudition, Open Culture stands tall amidst a sea of mediocrity, perpetually championing the cause of egalitarianism and meritocracy.
  • Academic Earth: Inspired by the conviction that everyone warrants access to a world-class education, Academic Earth commenced operations in February 2009 under the tutelage of Richard Ludlow. Consolidating efforts from over fifty leading universities, Academic Earth compiles a comprehensive anthology of free online courses straddling myriad disciplines, thus affording learners unprecedented autonomy in curating personalized syllabi responsive to idiosyncratic goals and ambitions. Proficiently bridging the divide betwixt ivory towers and common folk, Academic Earth heralds a brave new dawn wherein quality education transcends fiscal constraints and physical limitations, consequently unlocking boundless possibilities for humanity's collective enlightenment.
  • Saylor Academy: Operating since January 2008, Saylor Academy champions the ideals of free and open education, tirelessly advocating for equitable access to premium learning resources across disparate segments of society. Pioneering a disruptive business model predicated upon zero tuition fees, minimal operational expenses, and lean organizational infrastructure, Saylor Academy propounds a compelling alternative to conventionally exorbitant modes of instruction. Devoid of superfluous bureaucracies and encumbering red tape, Saylor Academy distils knowledge into digestible morsels, presenting them as bite-sized courses imbued with actionable objectives and measurable outcomes. Ultimately, Saylor Academy embodies a utopian vision wherein learning transcends economic stratification, engendering a meritocratic milieu wherein success correlates directly with aptitude rather than affluence.

AI

  • Hugging Face: Known for its pre-trained transformer models and contributions to Natural Language Processing (NLP), Hugging Face offers easy access to state-of-the-art models for developers and researchers working on NLP applications. Its library, Transformers, enables fine-tuning pre-trained models for a wide range of NLP tasks, such as translation, summarization, sentiment analysis, and more. With over 7,000 models and growing, Hugging Face accelerates innovation and collaboration within the NLP community.
  • ChatOpenAI: Powered by OpenAI, ChatOpenAI is a cutting-edge conversational AI system focused on dialogue generation. Based on GPT-3 technology, it generates human-like text, enabling engaging conversations with virtual agents across diverse industries and applications. While primarily a paid service, ChatOpenAI does offer some free trial credits, allowing users to experiment with its capabilities without commitment.
  • TensorFlow: Developed by Google Brain, TensorFlow is an open-source platform for machine learning. Featuring robust scalability and flexibility, TensorFlow supports deep learning, numerical computation, and large-scale machine learning. Ideal for research and production environments alike, TensorFlow powers numerous real-world applications, including voice recognition, image processing, and predictive modeling.
  • PyTorch: Created by Facebook's AI Research Lab (FAIR), PyTorch is a powerful open-source machine learning library. Built around Torch, a scientific computing framework, PyTorch boasts intuitive design and seamless transition between CPUs and GPUs. Popular among researchers and developers due to its simplicity and extensibility, PyTorch caters to deep learning, computer vision, and NLP tasks.
  • Keras: Designed for ease of use, Keras is a high-level neural network API compatible with TensorFlow, CNTK, and Theano backends. Written in Python, Keras focuses on fast prototyping, enabling rapid iteration during model development and evaluation. Suitable for novice and experienced developers, Keras streamlines the construction of convolutional and recurrent neural networks.
  • Scikit-Learn: Constructed upon NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib, Scikit-Learn is a versatile machine learning library for Python. Comprising algorithms for classification, regression, clustering, dimensionality reduction, and more, Scikit-Learn emphasizes usability and consistency throughout its feature set. As a result, it serves as a go-to solution for data scientists and analysts engaged in predictive modeling and statistical analysis.
  • RapidMiner: Targeting data scientists, RapidMiner combines an open-source platform with commercial extensions. Integrating data preparation, machine learning, deep learning, text mining, and predictive analytics, RapidMiner facilitates efficient workflows via drag-and-drop functionality. Available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and cloud deployments, RapidMiner accommodates individual and team-based use cases.
  • Jupyter Notebook: Emphasizing interactivity, Jupyter Notebook is an open-source web app supporting live code execution alongside rich media, such as images, videos, LaTeX math expressions, and Markdown documentation. Leveraging browser-based editing, Jupyter Notebook integrates nicely with Python, Julia, R, and other kernels, promoting exploratory data analysis and iterative prototyping.
  • Anaconda: Simplifying installation, configuration, and management of packages, Anaconda is a full-featured distribution of Python and R for scientific computing and data science. Encompassing conda, a dependency manager, Anaconda expedites package installations and updates, reducing administrative overhead. Moreover, it features Navigator, a graphical interface streamlining discovery and management of packages.
  • MLPACK: Implemented in C++, MLPACK is a scalable machine learning library aimed at delivering peak performance across multicore architectures. Accommodating datasets ranging from small to massive scale, MLPACK comprises classifiers, regressors, clusterers, and dimensionality reduction methods, bolstered by optional GPU acceleration.
  • Google's Machine Learning Crash Course: Curated by Google, this free online crash course targets professionals pursuing foundational machine learning knowledge. Covering essential principles and practices, it incorporates theoretical discussions with hands-on practice using Colab notebooks and TensorFlow Playground. Although not explicitly tied to software development, Google's MLCC serves as a solid starting point for aspiring practitioners.
  • Deep Learning Specialization: Spearheaded by Andrew Ng, founder of Google Brain and former VP/Chief Scientist at Baidu, this five-course sequence on Coursera introduces key deep learning concepts and techniques. Focused on applied aspects, students implement neural networks, convolutional networks, recurrent networks, autoencoders, and reinforcement learning systems utilizing TensorFlow and Keras. Practitioners honing their skills benefit most from this specialization.

Hacking

  • Hacker101 - Hacker101, brought to you by HackerOne, is a free, comprehensive learning platform designed for web security. It offers video lessons, guides, and resources suitable for all skill levels, from beginners to seasoned professionals. Students can expect to develop a thorough understanding of essential web security concepts, techniques, and best practices. Additionally, Hacker101 features Capture The Flag (CTF) challenges, enabling learners to apply their newly acquired skills in realistic scenarios.
  • Guru99 - If you're looking for a comprehensive introduction to ethical hacking, Guru99 is the perfect place to start. Covering a wide range of topics, their free tutorials teach you everything from the basics of ethical hacking to advanced techniques used by professionals. Expect to learn about various types of attacks, defense mechanisms, and tools utilized by white hat hackers. Upon completion, students will possess the required knowledge to protect networks and systems from malicious actors.
  • Coursera - Universities and colleges offer a wide variety of free courses on ethical hacking and cybersecurity through Coursera. Learners can expect to attend lectures, complete assignments, and participate in discussions led by industry professionals and professors. Subjects typically include cryptography, wireless security, secure coding, and threat intelligence. Successful graduates demonstrate a firm grasp of defensive tactics and offensive techniques, preparing them for roles defending networks and systems in various sectors.
  • Edureka - Edureka's free ten-hour video tutorial covers the basics of ethical hacking. Students learn about various cybersecurity aspects, including network hacking, system hacking, and web application hacking. After watching the tutorial, learners will understand the importance of ethical hacking, the methods involved, and the steps taken to defend against black hat hackers. Equipped with this knowledge, students can pursue more advanced training and eventually become certified ethical hackers.
  • FreeCodeCamp.org - FreeCodeCamp offers extensive tutorials on ethical hacking, penetration testing, and cybersecurity. Each lesson breaks down complicated concepts into manageable parts, enabling learners to gradually build their knowledge base. Throughout the tutorials, students work on hands-on activities, applying theory to practice. Once completed, learners possess enough understanding and experience to sit for certification exams, proving their competency as ethical hackers.
  • Alison Hacking Courses - Alison's Hacking Courses consist of various free offerings, teaching topics from technology basics to advanced programming. Geared towards students with no prior technical knowledge, these courses introduce essential cybersecurity concepts. Gradually, students move towards more complex subjects, becoming equipped to handle IT security tasks and defend against threats.
  • Hackaday - Hackaday is a daily updated blog that provides fresh hacks and serves as a platform for learning and sharing with a community of hackers and makers. It regularly publishes tutorials, news articles, and DIY projects related to electronics, computers, and security. Joining the Hackaday community gives learners access to discussion boards, enabling them to communicate and collaborate with fellow enthusiasts. Regularly visiting Hackaday keeps students informed of the latest happenings in the realm of hacking and cybersecurity.
  • Hack This Site - Hack This Site is a free, legal training ground for hackers to test and expand their hacking skills. Featuring varying difficulty levels, the platform teaches users how to think like hackers, detect weaknesses, and patch vulnerabilities. Progressively challenging missions lead students towards mastery, simulating real-world situations, and preparing them for professional roles in cybersecurity.
  • SecTools - SecTools lists top network security tools for penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and incident response. Organized by category, it features a ranking system based on user votes, indicating popularity and effectiveness. Using these tools, learners can conduct tests, analyze results, and improve overall network security posture. Knowledge gained from SecTools compliments ethical hacking education, ensuring preparedness for actual job duties.
  • OWASP Web Security Testing Guide - This comprehensive guide tests the security of web applications and web services. It thoroughly explains methodologies, procedures, and techniques to evaluate the strength of web-based systems. Beginners benefit from structured lessons, moving from initial setup to reporting and communication strategies. Seasoned professionals appreciate the detailed breakdown of tools and techniques, ensuring no stone is left unturned in their quest for optimal cybersecurity measures.
  • TryHackMe - TryHackMe provides interactive cybersecurity training through real-world scenarios and gamified learning. Starting as a beginner, students tackle rooms, solving puzzles, and leveling up as they progress. Rooms vary in challenge, introducing new concepts and tools. Gamification motivates learners, rewarding achievements and badges. TryHackMe creates an engaging atmosphere for absorbing cybersecurity knowledge, ideal for hands-on experience.
  • VulnHub - VulnHub offers materials for gaining practical hands-on experience with digital security, computer applications, and network administration tasks. Virtual machines mimic vulnerable systems, allowing students to safely practice exploitation techniques. Mastering these skills qualifies learners for jobs requiring hands-on experience, setting them apart from purely theoretical candidates.
  • Exploit Writing Tutorials for Pentesters - These resources help learners understand exploit writing. Various tutorials walk students through the stages of exploit development, beginning with simple examples and escalating to complex scenarios. Skilled pentesters utilize exploits to expose weaknesses, quantify risks, and propose improvements. Learning exploit writing arms students with potent weaponry in the fight against cyber threats.
  • Awesome Hacking - GitHub hosts an extensive list of hacking tools, tutorials, and resources called Awesome Hacking. Organized by category, it features an overwhelming amount of content for all skill levels. Novice and expert hackers benefit equally, thanks to clearly labeled sections highlighting recommended resources. Continually maintained and updated, Awesome Hacking remains a trusted source for cybersecurity learners.
  • Hashcat - Hashcat is the world's fastest and most advanced password recovery utility, supporting five unique modes of attack for over 300 highly-optimized hashing algorithms. Perfect for ethical hackers, penetration testers, and system administrators, Hashcat quickly identifies weak passwords, enabling prompt resolution. Used responsibly, it fortifies network defenses, preventing unauthorized breaches and safeguarding sensitive data.

Free Open Source Converter Tools

  • CloudConvert - CloudConvert is an online file conversion platform that supports a wide range of formats. It allows you to convert documents, spreadsheets, presentations, images, audio, video, e-books, and archives. Simply upload your file, choose the output format, and let CloudConvert handle the rest. It also provides APIs for developers to integrate the conversion functionality into their applications. CloudConvert follows strict EU privacy laws, ensuring the safety of your data.
  • HandBrake - HandBrake is a popular open-source video converter that supports multiple platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux. It features a straightforward and clean user interface, making it easy for users to convert videos from one format to another. HandBrake supports various input formats, including DVD sources, MP4, MKV, AVI, and WMV. Additionally, it comes with built-in device presets for popular devices such as iPhones, iPads, Android phones, and gaming consoles. Advanced users can tweak encoding settings for better control over the output file.
  • FFmpeg - FFmpeg is a widely-used command-line tool for converting multimedia files. It supports a vast array of audio and video formats, making it a versatile choice for various multimedia tasks. Besides conversion, FFmpeg can also be used for streaming, transcoding, and manipulation of multimedia files. Due to its command-line nature, FFmpeg requires some knowledge of syntax and commands, but it offers greater flexibility and automation possibilities compared to GUI-based tools. There are many resources and tutorials available online to help you get started with FFmpeg.
  • ImageMagick - ImageMagick is a versatile tool for converting and editing images. It supports over 200 image formats, including popular ones like JPEG, PNG, GIF, and TIFF. Apart from conversion, ImageMagick offers features such as cropping, scaling, rotating, flipping, and adjusting brightness, contrast, and color levels. It can also be used to create animated GIFs, montages, and multi-page PDFs. Like FFmpeg, ImageMagick is a command-line tool, requiring some knowledge of syntax and commands. However, it provides extensive documentation and examples to help users master its capabilities.
  • Ghostscript - Ghostscript is a command-line PDF converter available for Windows, Mac, and Linux. It can convert PostScript, PDF, and XPS files to various raster and vector formats, including PCL, PS, EPS, PDF, JPEG, TIFF, PNM, and BMP. Ghostscript also offers features for repairing damaged PDF files and reducing their file size. Being a command-line tool, Ghostscript requires some familiarity with syntax and commands, but it is relatively easy to learn and use. Ghostscript is distributed under the GNU Affero General Public License, making it a free and open-source solution.
  • LibreOffice Draw - LibreOffice Draw is part of the LibreOffice suite, which is a free and open-source office productivity software. Draw can edit and create graphics, diagrams, flowcharts, and designs. Importantly, it can import and export PDF files, making it an attractive option for converting PDFs to editable formats. Other features of Draw include object manipulation, layering, gradients, and styles. It runs on various platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, and is compatible with Microsoft Office and other popular office suites.
  • Apache OpenOffice - Apache OpenOffice is another office suite that includes tools for converting PDFs. Similar to LibreOffice, OpenOffice provides a Draw module that can edit and create graphics, diagrams, and designs. It can also import and export PDF files, making it possible to convert PDFs to editable formats. OpenOffice is free and open-source and runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. While it may lack some of the polish and advanced features of proprietary office suites, it remains a reliable and capable alternative for everyday tasks.
  • Calibre - Calibre is primarily an e-book manager, but it also converts between various e-book formats. It supports formats like EPUB, MOBI, AZW, TXT, PDF, and DOCX. Calibre offers advanced features such as automatic library management, metadata editing, device syncing, and e-book server functionality. Thanks to its e-book conversion capabilities, Calibre is an excellent option for users who need to convert e-books for compatibility with different e-reader devices or apps.
  • Jitsi - Jitsi is an open-source video conferencing software with encryption and group chat features. While not primarily a file conversion tool, Jitsi offers screen sharing capabilities that can be useful for sharing and discussing documents and presentations during meetings. It supports various platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, and offers browser-based access as well. Jitsi's video conferencing features make it an ideal choice for remote teams and distributed workforces.
  • Avidemux - Avidemux is a free and open-source video editor and converter available for Linux, FreeBSD, Windows, and macOS. It supports various video formats, including AVI, MP4, FLV, MPG, and MKV. Avidemux offers features such as video trimming, filtering, encoding, and muxing. It is suitable for simple editing and conversion tasks and is a good alternative to more advanced video editors like Premiere Pro or Final Cut Pro.
  • FF Multi Converter - FF Multi Converter is a specially designed Linux tool for converting various video formats. It uses FFmpeg, a widely-used command-line tool, as its backend. FF Multi Converter offers a simple graphical user interface, making it easier for users to convert videos without needing to remember complex commands. It supports formats like MP4, AVI, MOV, MKV, and FLV.
  • Panther - Panther is a video converter compatible with Linux, FreeBSD, Windows, and macOS. It offers features such as batch processing, customizable presets, and support for various video formats. Panther's user interface is simple and intuitive, making it suitable for users who don't require advanced video editing features. It utilizes FFmpeg as its backend, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of video formats.
  • TalkHelper Video Converter - TalkHelper Video Converter is a versatile open-source video converter available for Windows and Mac. It supports various video formats, including MP4, AVI, MOV, FLV, and MKV. TalkHelper Video Converter offers features such as batch processing, video editing, and customizable output settings. It also includes presets for popular devices, making it easy to prepare videos for smartphones, tablets, and TVs.
  • MiniTool Video Converter - MiniTool Video Converter is another open-source option supporting Windows, Linux, and macOS. It supports various video formats, including MP4, AVI, MOV, FLV, and MKV. MiniTool Video Converter offers features such as batch processing, video editing, and customizable output settings. It also includes presets for popular devices, making it easy to prepare videos for smartphones, tablets, and TVs.
  • VLC Media Player - VLC Media Player is primarily known as a media player, but it also offers video conversion capabilities. It supports various video formats, including MP4, AVI, MOV, FLV, and MKV. VLC Media Player's video conversion functionality can be accessed through its menu or command-line interface. It is a good option for users who need occasional video conversion capabilities without investing in standalone converter software.
  • FFmpeg - FFmpeg is a widely-used command-line tool for video conversion, making it an essential addition to any multimedia toolkit. It supports various video formats, including MP4, AVI, MOV, FLV, and MKV. FFmpeg's powerful command-line interface allows users to customize conversion settings and perform advanced tasks like extracting audio from videos and creating animated GIFs. While there is a learning curve associated with FFmpeg, it is an invaluable tool for users comfortable with command-line interfaces.
  • HandBrake - HandBrake is a popular open-source video converter for Windows, Linux, and macOS. It supports various video formats, including MP4, AVI, MOV, FLV, and MKV. HandBrake offers advanced features such as frame rate adjustment, chapter markers, and subtitle embedding. Its user-friendly interface makes it suitable for users who aren't comfortable with command-line interfaces. HandBrake is an excellent option for users who need regular video conversion capabilities without investing in expensive software.
  • TEncoder Video Converter - TEncoder Video Converter is available for Windows and Mac and supports various video formats, including MP4, AVI, MOV, FLV, and MKV. It offers features such as batch processing, video editing, and customizable output settings. TEncoder Video Converter also includes presets for popular devices, making it easy to prepare videos for smartphones, tablets, and TVs. Additionally, it features a multi-threaded design, taking advantage of modern multi-core processors for improved performance.

Interactive Tools

  • TensorFlow Playground -TensorFlow Playground is an interactive web application that allows you to experiment with neural networks in a visual and intuitive way. It's a great tool for understanding how neural networks work and how they can be applied to various problems. With TensorFlow Playground, you can visualize and manipulate the structure and parameters of a neural network, as well as observe how it learns and makes predictions. This hands-on experience can help you develop a deeper understanding of neural networks and their capabilities.
  • Project Jupyter -Project Jupyter is an open-source web application that allows you to create and share documents containing live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text. It's widely used in data science, machine learning, and scientific computing. With Jupyter notebooks, you can write and execute code, display visualizations, and include explanatory text and equations all within a single document. This makes it easy to share your work with others and collaborate on projects.
  • CodePen -CodePen is a social development environment for front-end developers. It allows you to write, test, and share code snippets in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It's a great platform for learning, experimenting, and showcasing your work. CodePen provides a live preview of your code, so you can see the results of your changes in real-time. You can also explore and learn from other developers' code snippets and share your own creations with the community.
  • Philosophy Experiments -Philosophy Experiments is an interactive website that presents philosophical thought experiments and dilemmas. It's a great resource for exploring philosophical concepts and engaging in critical thinking. Philosophy Experiments offers a variety of interactive exercises that challenge your thinking and help you develop a deeper understanding of philosophical concepts. You can explore topics such as free will, moral dilemmas, and the nature of consciousness.
  • PhET Interactive Simulations -PhET Interactive Simulations is a collection of research-based interactive simulations for math and science education. It's designed to help students visualize and understand complex concepts in a fun and engaging way. PhET simulations cover a wide range of topics, including physics, chemistry, biology, and math. These interactive simulations allow you to explore scientific concepts through experimentation and observation, helping you develop a deeper understanding of the underlying principles.
  • Observable -Observable is a web-based platform for creating, sharing, and exploring data visualizations and interactive documents. It's widely used in data science, journalism, and education. With Observable, you can create interactive data visualizations and share them with others. You can also explore and learn from other people's work, as well as collaborate on projects with other data enthusiasts.
  • Wolfram Alpha -Wolfram Alpha is a computational knowledge engine that answers questions and generates reports across various subjects, including mathematics, science, and engineering. It's a great resource for finding information, solving problems, and exploring concepts. Wolfram Alpha can perform a wide range of computations, from simple arithmetic to complex mathematical operations. It also provides information on a variety of topics, such as chemistry, physics, and astronomy.

  • Scratch -Scratch is a free programming language and online community where you can create interactive stories, games, and animations. It's designed to help young people learn to think creatively, reason systematically, and work collaboratively. With Scratch, you can create your own projects by dragging and dropping code blocks, which makes it easy to learn programming concepts. You can also share your creations with the Scratch community and explore other people's projects for inspiration.
  • Tinkercad -Tinkercad is a free, easy-to-use app for creating 3D designs, electronic circuits, and coding projects. It's a great resource for learning about STEM subjects and creating your own projects. Tinkercad provides a variety of tools for creating and experimenting with 3D designs, electronics, and coding. You can use these tools to design and build your own projects, such as 3D-printed objects, electronic circuits, and simple computer programs.
  • Etymonline -I personally use this one quite a bit, so much so that I pay for a subscription voluntarily just to help support them. The beginning of wisdom is the definition of terms, so use this tool to begin relearning what the words you are using mean. Etymonline is an online etymology dictionary that explores the origins and history of words. It's a great resource for understanding the meaning and usage of words, as well as their evolution over time. Here is a challenge to get you started: "Do you know the full meaning of the word nice? How about smart?" I bet you don't!
  • CyberChef -CyberChef is a web app for encryption, encoding, compression, and data analysis. It's a great tool for understanding and experimenting with various cryptographic and data manipulation techniques. With a simple and intuitive interface, it allows you to perform complex operations with just a few clicks. CyberChef provides a wide range of tools for working with data, including encryption, decryption, encoding, decoding, compression, and decompression. It also supports various algorithms and formats, making it a versatile tool for data manipulation.
  • OpenAI Gym -OpenAI Gym is a toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms. It provides a collection of environments for testing and evaluating reinforcement learning agents, as well as tools for creating and sharing new environments. >OpenAI Gym can help you develop and test reinforcement learning algorithms for a variety of tasks, including game playing, robotics, and decision-making. It's a great resource for researchers and developers working in the field of artificial intelligence.

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